A battery energy storage system (BESS) is a technology designed to store electrical energy in batteries for later use. It serves as a versatile and efficient tool for managing energy supply and demand, ensuring grid stability, and integrating renewable energy sources.
Key components of a BESS:
- Batteries: The core of the system, commonly using technologies like:
- Lithium-Ion (most popular due to efficiency and lifespan)
- Lead-acid
- Flow batteries
- Nickel-based batteries
- Battery management system (BMS): Ensures the safety, health, and optimal operation of the batteries by monitoring voltage, temperature, and charge/discharge rates.
- Inverter/Converter:
- Converts DC (Direct Current) from batteries to AC (Alternating Current) for use.
- Converts AC from the grid into DC for charging the batteries.
- Energy management system (EMS): Software that monitors and controls energy flow, optimizing when to charge/discharge based on demand and pricing.
- Cooling system: Keeps the batteries within a safe temperature range to avoid overheating and improve lifespan.
Photovoltaic systems have become increasingly popular recently due to high energy prices. These systems can be installed in various locations thanks to their much smaller size compared to wind turbines, which also require significantly higher maintenance and installation costs.
However, storing the energy produced remains a global issue, as it requires a well-organized space to ensure the facility can store enough energy to power end consumers even during cloudy days or nighttime.
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